I Wonder What You're Not Supposed To Do? Orchard MRT Station, Singapore

Singapore has an extensive, ever expanding, and efficient Mass Rail Transit (MRT) system that can transport you anywhere in this city state. Singapore has a reputation of using heavy fines and imprisonment to deter unwanted behavior. The most famous being the chewing gum ban in 1992, where the importation and use was subject to imprisonment and fines [1].

When I first visited Singapore 30 years ago, there was obvious and extensive signage to deter any unwanted behavior (e.g. peeing in an elevator). Not only was the behavior ubiquitously advertised as an offense, but also was the large fine that could be imposed in order to shape societal behavior. Those types of signs are few and far between in today's Singapore. While the offenses are still law, the heavy handed signage has diminished greatly.

This signage at the Orchard MRT station struck me as being overkill and hearkened back to the signage of the first Singapore visit. While the message of what you're not supposed to do is pretty obvious, the deterrent effect and social behavior of people doesn't always follow the dictates of the authorities, since soon after I took this photo I found people sitting on the steps using their smartphones.

References

[1] Wikipedia. "Chewing gum ban in Singapore". Last modified: 15 Oct 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewing_gum_ban_in_Singapore.

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Suntory Yamazaki and Hakushu Japanese Whiskey Distillery Tours: Yamazaki and Kobuchizawa, Japan

Over a decade ago, Japanese whiskey was not well known and not in demand, which resulted in some whiskey distilleries closing. As a result, the remaining Japanese distilleries planned for modest production quantities. Since aged (as opposed to no-age) whiskeys are typically sold after 25-, 18-, 15-, 12-, and 10 years, the modest production decision affects the future availability of these products. So production and availability of these products cannot be increased if demand suddenly increases in the future. Japanese whiskey's popularity has greatly increased since and the demand is so great now, that it outpaces the supply due to the previous modest production decision. As a result, prices for the older aged Japanese whiskeys has increased and are no longer available after the limited production quantities sold out.

The oldest, largest and most well-known Japanese whiskey producer is Suntory. Suntory is a large multinational Japanese company that produces many non- and alcoholic beverage products. Suntory's main whiskey brands are Yamazaki and Hakushu (there are more brands sold only in Japan), both of which are well known outside of Japan. Suntory produces both blended and single malt whiskeys. Single malt whiskey are from whiskeys only produced from one distillery, while blended whiskeys are mixtures from multiple distilleries.

Suntory's Yamazaki Distillery is located in the town of Yamazaki, which is between Osaka and Kyoto, and the the Hakushu Distillery is located in the town of Kobuchizawa, which is accessible from Tokyo. Both distilleries offer factory tours and I've had the opportunity to visit both factories (Yamazaki in Nov 2017 and Hakushu in Nov 2018). If you're planning a trip to Japan and/or a whiskey fan, please read the rest of the article for more information and pictures.

Not Your Typical Japanese Shrine: Akagi Jinja (赤城神社), Kagurazaka, Tokyo, Japan

If you go to Japan, you will inevitably visit temples and shrines. Temples are associated with Buddhism and shrines, called jinja (神社, じんじゃ) in Japanese, with the native Shinto religion. Customs and practices are different between the two, and these places of worship can be found in all parts of Japan from the largest cities to the smallest village. There are an estimated 80,000+ Shinto shrines in Japan [1] and the common picture that comes to mind is that of a traditional well preserved building that has graced the area for a long time. That picture is true for most shrines in Japan, but not for the Akagi Jinja (赤城神社). The Akagi Jinja has been in the Kagurazaka neighborhood in Tokyo since the 1500's [2], but the traditional buildings on the shrine grounds were replaced with a modern architectural interpretation in 2010 by noted Japanese architect Kuma Kengo. He also designed the condominiums adjacent to the shrine, which has a café open to the public on the first floor. Having condominiums with a café on shrine grounds is highly unusual in Japan. This modern interpretation of a Japanese shrine is unique and worth a visit when you're in Tokyo. The shrine is an easy two minute walk from Kagurazaka Station on the Tokyo Metro Tozai Line.

Kumamoto Castle (熊本城, Kumamoto-jō), Kumamoto, Japan

Kumamoto Castle is located in Kumamoto City on the southernmost Japanese main island of Kyushu, about six hours and a distance of approximately 1300 km (800 miles) from Tokyo, or about 3.5 hours from Osaka (Shin-Osaka Station) by Shinkansen. Kumamoto Castle is one of the three most famous castles that travelers should see when visiting Japan (the other two castles being Himeji and Matsumoto Castles) [1]. A large-scale renovation of the inner castle was completed in Dec 2007, in time for the castle's 400th anniversary [2]. I was fortunate enough to visit the castle in Dec 2009 (and Matsumoto Castle; Himeji Castle had been visited previously) to see the results of the renovation before my most recent visit in Nov 2017.

On 14 April 2016, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake struck the island of Kyushu, which caused major damage to many places on the island, with Kumamoto Castle having the most visible and significant. Roof tiles fell, foundations were damaged, entire structures collapsed, and the stone walls sustained major damage. Sections of the wall collapsed (as pictured above), leaving some structures perilously close collapsing themselves. The repairs to the castle started two months after the earthquake and has a target completion date of 2036 (yes, an estimated 20 years to repair the damage!) [2]. Whereas previously you could freely walk the grounds of the castle before the earthquake, visitors are now restricted to walking the perimeter of the castle while reconstruction is in progress (for obvious safety reasons). The route is well marked, easily walkable, and there are numerous informative signposts in Japanese, English, Korean, and Chinese  (Simplified and Traditional) along the way.

Adachi Museum of Art (足立美術館), Yasugi, Japan

This article was updated on 18 Sep 2021 to clarify the details on taking the train to Yasugi Station and the Adachi Art Museum.

The Adachi Museum of Art (足立美術館, Adachi Bijutsukan) should be on everyone's sightseeing list when visiting Japan. While it is an art museum, the real reason you should visit the museum is to see the 16.5 hectare (40.7 acre) garden. The garden has been voted the number one Japanese garden since 2003 by the Journal of Japanese Gardening. The museum's founder, local businessman Zenkō Adachi (1899-1990), believed "the garden is also a picture" and devoted himself to gardening until his death. As seen in the picture above, the inside of the museum was designed to frame the garden as a picture. While the views from inside the museum impressive, the views of the garden from outside of the building are spectacular (visitors are not allowed into the garden themselves). The views change with the four seasons, so one visit will only give you a glimpse of garden's possibilities. I've been fortunate to visit the garden twice, once in Dec 2009, and more recently on 14 Nov 2017. Please continue reading the rest of the article and to see more photographs.

Station Master Tama: The Cat That Saved A Railroad, Wakayama, Japan

Wakayama Electric Railway (和歌山電鐵, Wakayama Dentetsu) is a private railway line that operates just one 14.3 km (8.9 mile) train line, the Kishigawa Line (貴志川線, Kishigawa-sen), between Wakayama and Kishi stations [1]. In Japan, small and short railway lines are not profitable due to the dwindling population outside the cities, and many of these lines have closed. However, this small line is open and operates profitably today because of a cat. I took the Tamadensha train (aka "Cat Train") for a visit on 23 Oct 2018.

Please read the rest of the article to find out more about this unique railway and its now famous cat station master, and to see more photographs.

Kumano Nachi Taisha (熊野那智大社), Wakayama Prefecture, Japan

This will probably be the last posting for 2018. I wish you and your family a Happy New Year for 2019. The last post this year is for a unique Japanese shrine using the travel blog, rather than my previous end of the year posts in the food blog. I hope you have enjoyed both blogs, and if you have not already, please "Follow" and give the blogs a "Like" on Facebook (food: https://www.facebook.com/ducksoupeasy/, and travel: https://www.facebook.com/ducksoupeasytravel/). Thanks, and I will see you next year.

Kumano Nachi Taisha (熊野那智大社) is a Shinto shrine and part of the UNESCO-designated World Heritage Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range of Japan. [1] The shrine is one of three sacred shrines, known as the Kumano Sanzan (熊野三山) or the Three Grand Shrines of Kumano, located on the Kii peninsula in Wakayama Prefecture, south-east of Osaka. The other two sacred shrines are Kumano Hongu Taisha and Kumano Hayatama Taisha. The shrines are located on a sacred pilgrimage route known as the Kumano Kodō (熊野古道). While it is still possible to walk the original ancient Kumano Kodō, the sites are now accessible by more modern trains and buses. The most notable sight at the shrine is the three-storied pagoda located near the highest single-drop waterfall in Japan. I visited the shrine on 22 Oct 2018.